Hot Hydrothermal vents
Hot hydrothermal vents founds in the oceans floor, in regions where the oceans floor is spreading and associated with gradual upwelling of mineral –rich fluid from the earth’s interior. Moving earth’s crust creates cracks and crevices in the oceans floor. These cracks allow the sea water to percolate downwards. Sea water that percolates downward is heated and driven back upward, carrying minerals leached from the hot rock. A temperature gradients is set up, from more than 350oc near the core of the vent, down to 2-3oc in the surrounding oceans .Minerals precipitates from the water as it cools, form a chimney. Different classes of organisms, thriving at different temperatures, lives in different neighborhoods of the chimney.
Close to the vent, at temperatures up to about 150oc, various lithotrophic species of eubacteria and Archaebacteria live, directly fuelled by geochemical energy. A little further away, where the temperature is lower, various invertebrates animals live by feeding on these microorganisms. The most remarkable are the very large (2to3meters) tube worms, which, rather than feed on the lithotrophic cells, live in symbiosis with them: specialized organs in the worms harbour a huge number of symbiotic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria.There bacteria harness geochemical energy and supply nourishment to their hosts, which have no mouth, gut, or anus .
By -ASSISTANT PROFESSOR Deepa Chand
DEPARTMENT :B.Ed
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